Nazism by Arab Palestinians 1932-1948: sources

'Most Arab Palestinians supported the Nazis': reports, survey, public display, admissions.

_______

‘Palestine Arabs Are with Hitler in His Enmity to Jews Says Grand Mufti’s Organ...’

JTA, March 31, 1932.
http://pdfs.jta.org/1932/1932-04-01_081.pdf
https://archive.is/JCXm8

________

(In contrast: As Jews protest, British police guard swastika)

‘Police Guard German Palestine Consulates As Hoisting of Swastika Disturbs Palestine Jewry.’
JTA. March 21, 1933.
[http://pdfs.jta.org/1933/1933-03-21_2504.pdf]
https://www.jta.org/archive/police-guard-german-palestine-consulates-as-hoisting-of-swastika-disturbs-palestine-jewry

________

Davar, May 24, 1933. (Heb.) "The Arab Antisemitism."
https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/dav/1933/05/24/01/article/8/

'...the editor of 'Islamiya' writes simply (on May 22): "When Hitlerism appeared, the Arabs cheered and rejoiced, saying: A blow from heaven in the hands of others." …'

________

(Arab newspapers in Mandatory Palestine, before being controlled by the Brits during the war).

“Noble (sic) Hitler” — says Falastin.
The Palestine Post, 22 May 1933.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1933/05/22/01/article/42

From historian:

Erlich, H. (2002). The Middle East Between the World Wars (Heb.). Tel Aviv: Open University, p. 81
https://books.google.com/books?id=6B0CcmTaVuAC&pg=PA81

Al-Difa’s newspaper had long published translated excerpts from Hitler’s Mein Kampf’s book. He kept a regular correspondent in Berlin who persisted in sending sympathetic articles about the achievements of the Nazi regime.

The paper’s editor, Ibrahim al-Shanti, called on Arab youth (in an article from June 1, 1934) to “learn from Hitler’s actions and imitate them in order to achieve similar national achievements.”

“Also the Jaffa ‘Falastin’ who criticized Mussolini admired Hitler, and so were the other newspapers.”

El Karmel, [Karmil] May 14, 1933 : “Will an Arab Hitler appear among us to awaken, unite and lead us to lead us to fight and defend our rights?”

‘Falastin’, January 5, 1936:
“It is very easy to explain our youth’s sympathy for the fascist idea.”

‘Falastin’ April 29, 1939, does not hide his admiration for Hitler in quoting him, when the speech shocked the world.

________

(Mufti al-Husayni / al-Husseini, March 1933, already knocking on German door).

Cohen, M. J. (2014). Britain’s Moment in Palestine: Retrospect and Perspectives, 1917-1948. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, p.407.
https://books.google.com/books?id=DLPpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA407

Steininger, R. (2018). Germany and the Middle East: From Kaiser Wilhelm II to Angela Merkel. Germany: Berghahn Books, p.46.
https://books.google.com/books?id=Wm58DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46

Helmreich, W. (2017). The Third Reich and the Palestine Question. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, p.85.
https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph8xDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85

________

(Joseph Francis to establish Arab Nazi Party 1933).

Lewis, B. (1999). Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry Into Conflict and Prejudice. United States: W. W. Norton, p. 147.
https://books.google.com/books?id=zjkiAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA147

Black, E. (2010). The Farhud: Roots of The Arab-Nazi Alliance in the Holocaust. Washington, DC: Dialog Press. Ch. 12. ‘The Arabs Reach for the Reich.’
https://books.google.com/books?id=f9LrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT385
(https://archive.org/details/farhudrootsofara0000blac p.231).

'A July 31, 1933 Foreign Office memorandum, distributed to German embassies in London, Cairo, Baghdad, Beirut, and Geneva, instructed diplomats to avoid Arab organizations, otherwise "members of the German Reich may otherwise come into suspicion of interfering in the political relationships of Palestine."

With zero cooperation from the German government and no possibility of joining the Nazi Party, Arabs decided to form their own Fascist and Nazi parties. If they could not join them, they would imitate them. In April 1933, Joseph Francis, editor of Falastin and correspondent for three other Arab newspapers, approached German Consul Wolff in Jerusalem offering "the felicitations and admiration of the youth of Palestine." Francis requested German "guidance on how to create a Fascist Party of Palestine with the goal of destroying the Jewish Communist movement which is devastating Palestine." Consul Wolff avoided any specific response. Francis came back in June 1933 and insisted that his request obtain a copy of Nazi Party bylaws be forwarded to senior Reich officials. If he didn't get a positive response, Francis suggested, he would contact Italian Fascists and use their bylaws - although he preferred the German bylaws.

Wolff again refused to comply. In a memo headlined "Planned Establishment of a National Socialist Arab Party," Wolff told Berlin, "The slightest easily imaginable indiscretion could endanger or even lose me the necessary and requisite trust of the Mandate government." He added, "Promoting the activist Nationalist Arab tendencies would be seen as directly counter to their [the Mandate's] political objectives." The German Foreign Ministry in Berlin supported Wolff's refusal to cooperate. In a dispatch copied to several embassies, Berlin instructed, "All official German representatives will refrain from any foreign policy decisions behind the circles of acquaintance associated with Francis, for one because it is not clear what paths the planned movement intends to strike out upon." The same enthusiastic approach and stony response played out in other Arab capitals. In August 1933, the German envoy in Baghdad was contacted by the publisher of the newspaper Istiqlal as well as some Arab legislators. They "have informed me that they have been contemplating forming a National Socialist Party emulating that of Germany. They have asked me to provide them materials about the German National Socialist Party, and in particular the party planks and if possible the bylaws in either English or French."

Activist Arab editor Amir Arslan, who headed up La Nation Arabe, circulated both in Geneva and in Syria, was repeatedly rebuffed in his efforts to schedule a meeting with Hitler or secure any assistance.

Ultimately, Arabs did create numerous Nazi-style or Fascist parties without assistance.'

________

(Jamal Husseini ordering Protocols-forgery and Mein Kampf)

Pierre Van Paasen, ‘A MARGINAL NOTE.’
The Sentinel, 15 June 1933.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/cgs/1933/06/15/01/article/26

________

(Issa Basil Bandak)

‘From Bethlehem to Paris Arab-christian Editor Goes to Get Nazi Instructions.’
JTA. October 8, 1933.
[http://pdfs.jta.org/1933/1933-10-08_2663.pdf]
https://www.jta.org/archive/from-bethlehem-to-paris-arab-christian-editor-goes-to-get-nazi-instructions

‘Nazi Propaganda Drive in Zion.’
JTA. November 23, 1933.
[http://pdfs.jta.org/1933/1933-11-23_2700.pdf]
Eissa el Bendak, newly appointed member of the Arab Executive’s administrative bureau, will direct a propaganda.
https://www.jta.org/archive/nazi-propaganda-drive-in-zion

GERMAN ANTI-JEWISH PROPAGANDA IS CONDUCTED IN PALESTINE.
The Sentinel, April 25, 1935.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/cgs/1935/04/25/01/article/54

'From time to time, anti-Jewish slogans written in Arabic and German, and embellished with the swastika, appear on vacant walls and boardings in different Palestine towns, enjoining a boycott of Jewish goods and enterprises. Their effect has been nil except to leave a great deal of annoyance among young and ardent Jews, who endeavor to trace the perpetrators of such nuisances. According to well-informed local quarters, the origin of these throwaways is in a central Nazi propaganda agent for Pales tine who it is believed, works through Arab Fascists.
An attempt at Fascism was started some eigh teen months ago as "the only hope of Arab salvation in the present state of the Arab nationalist cause," as one young leader said. The object was to introduce an ultra-nationalistic spirit among the Arab youth. But it was more closely modelled on the National-Socialist brand of Fascism than the Italian, because the German politics embodied anti-Semitism as the central motive.
The majority of the pseudo-Fascists of Palestine is thought to be drawn from C.. Arab youth and their "boss" is Issa Al Bandak, editor of a Bethlehem newspaper, who is credited some two years ago with an article seeking a transfer of the British Mandate for Palestine to Germany because, as he said, this country has shown its alertness to the "Jewish [sic] menace" and could be relied upon to effect similar "justice [sic] against the Jews" in the Holy Land! But he forgot to add that according to the Nazi racial theory, Arabs are just as non-Aryan and Semitic as the Jews..

Arab Fascists ... local observers think that a few of their number are working secretly at anti-Jewish propaganda of a virulent kind, such as is manifested in the swastika- signed exhortations.'

________

‘Arabs Use Swastika in Fight for Trade of Jews in Holy Land.’
JTA. August 14, 1934.
[http://pdfs.jta.org/1934/1934-08-14_2923.pdf]
https://www.jta.org/archive/arabs-use-swastika-in-fight-for-trade-of-jews-in-holy-land

________

(Emil Khouri in his 'Arab Federation')

‘TROUBLES IN GERMANY.’
The Palestine Post⁩, 16 July 1934.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1934/07/16/01/article/35/

‘The following paragraph is taken from the Arab Federation, a Jerusalem weekly in English, dated July 7. The people of Palestine have been watching the recent troubles in Germany with great interest and keen. They were astonished by the courageous quick actions of Hitler whom the Arabs admire very much.’

________

Wawrzyn, H. (2013). Nazis in the Holy Land 1933-1948. Germany: De Gruyter, p 95.
https://books.google.com/books?id=cZ7oBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA95

'On March 15, 1935, Die Warte des Tempels wrote that many Arabs saw Hitler as the most important man of the 20th century and almost every Arab knew his name. Fascism and National Socialism with its anti-Jewish attitude were accepted positively by many Arabs.'

________

‘Palestine Train Flies Swastika.’
Haifa-Damascus train flies swastika.
The New York Times, May 13, 1935 .
https://www.nytimes.com/1935/05/13/archives/palestine-train-flies-swastika.html

‘Swastikas On Haifa Train.’
⁨⁨The Chronicler-Spokesman⁩, 17 May 1935
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/chroniclerspokesman/1935/05/17/01/article/50

‘Nazi Propaganda In Palestine.
Swastika Chalked on Train.’
Palestine Post, 13 May, 1935, 7.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1935/05/13/01/article/40
'That a train arriving at Afuleh from Haifa, en route for Samakh, bore a swastika chalked up on one of the coaches, with an Arabic inscription beneath “Germany Over All” (”Deutcshland Uber Alles”), is a report in “Davar,” Labour daily.

When the train, which was carrying delegates returning from the Arab youth conference at Haifa, reached Afuleh station, the station-master ordered the signs to be removed, the paper adds.'
[https://d5pwa9m4cf06ib.archive.is/ag8wq/0d3a94bdb102dddc1c46020390e62bc5873ba486.png]

‘Swastika Decorates Palestine Train.’
⁨⁨The Sentinel⁩, 6 June 1935.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/cgs/1935/06/06/01/article/65/

________

‘Gates of Zion Defaced by Swastika of Arabs’.
JTA, July 18, 1935.
https://www.jta.org/archive/gates-of-zion-defaced-by-swastika-of-arabs

'A Nazi swastika sign carrying the inscription ‘Heil Hitler” appeared today on the Gates of Zion in Jerusalem, opposite the tombs of the Jewish kings.
The sign was obviously painted by Arabs. Palestine police authorities are investigating the case.'

⁨⁨The Sentinel⁩, 25 July 1935⁩.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/cgs/1935/07/25/01/article/3/

[https://dfa9p0px4mxa7n.archive.is/2vw6u/dbbd005936d994a2b86f43e52d49d60db1701a80.png]

________

(The Arabs' drawing swastika with inscription "Hiteler" (sic) on Zion Gate stayed at least in 1936, as documented. It expressed "Arab feelings").


Lossin, Y. (1983). Pillar of Fire: The Rebirth of Israel--a Visual History. Israel: Shikmona Publishing Company, p.221.
https://archive.org/details/pillaroffirerebi0000yiga_v8k0/page/221/mode/1up?q=Swastika
https://books.google.com/books?id=dKttAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Swastika%20on%20the%20walls%20of%20Jerusalem's%20Zion%20Gate%22

[https://ynet-pic1.yit.co.il/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,w=740,q=75/picserver5/crop_images/2022/08/07/H1dEwJ6a5/H1dEwJ6a5_0_0_1057_763_0_x-large.jpg]

'Swastika on the walls of Jerusalem's Zion Gate.
Arab feelings in 1936.

1936 was not a good year for democracy. The Fascist countries were seen as successful by many people. Every step taken by Hitler or Mussolini met with hesitation and trepidation on the part of the leaders of the free world. Hitler armed Germany, contravening the Treaty of Versailles. The Wehrmacht marched to the Rhineland; this was a blatant violation of the Locarno Pact, according to which Germany was to keep the area demilitarized. France, which was directly affected by this move, reacted merely with protests...

Mussolini, the Italian dictator, displayed much interest in the Arabs. The dream of "II Duce" was to transform the Mediterranean into an Italian sea, as it had been during the glorious days of the Roman Empire. But fulfillment of this vision was hampered by the British Navy. Mussolini therefore sought an ally against the common enemy, Britain. Italian propaganda began to present him as the "Protector of Islam." He quickly found what he was looking for in the leader of the Palestinian Arab national movement, the Mufti, Haj Amin al-Husseini. 

In Jerusalem, the Arabs knew that the time was right for demanding concessions from Britain. Swastikas and slogans expressing their feelings were inscribed upon the walls of the city...'

________

The Temple Society journal and the Jerusalem Church of the Redeemer newsletter reported that Palestine's Arabs strongly sympathized with German National Socialism. They had rallies shouting, "Three cheers to Germany! Three cheers to Hitler!"

[Die Warte des Tempels, 30 June 1936, 92].

Wawrzyn, H. (2013). Nazis in the Holy Land 1933-1948. Germany: De Gruyter, p 95.
https://books.google.com/books?id=cZ7oBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA94

________

(Yaqub al-Ghusayn [Ya‘qoub al Ghussein, 1899–1948] organization).


"Arabs Ask Hitler Bar Sale of Land to Jews." Daily Bulletin. JTA, June 9, 1935.

http://pdfs.jta.org/1935/1935-06-10_3165.pdf

'Jaffa, June 9 -- The Federation of Arab Youth in Palestine today sent a cable to Adolf Hitler asking him to forbid the sale to Jews of the land on which the German orphanage in Palestine is located. A telegram to the same effect was also sent by the Arab Youth Federation to the German Consul-General in Jerusalem. The Federation of Arab Youth in Palestine today sent a cable to Adolf Hitler asking him to forbid the sale to Jews of the land on which the German orphanage in Palestine is located. A telegram to the same effect was also sent by the Arab Youth Federation to the German Consul-General in Jerusalem.'

________

(1935-6, The Husseinis set up the Hitler-youth modeled Futuwwa, it was after Palestinian Arab students educated in Germany returned to Palestine determined to found the Arab Nazi Party of Palestine, it then connected Palestinian youth to fascist youth movements elsewhere in the Middle East).

Rosen, David M. (2005). Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism. Rutgers University Press. p. 106. (ISBN 978-0-8135-3568-5).
https://books.google.com/books?id=zQYQ0tho6mAC&pg=PA106

'The shrill calls to take up extremist politics invoked a symbolism that glorified youth, violence, and death. By 1936 Al Difaa, the paper of the Istiqlal movement and the most widely read paper in the Arab community, pro-claimed, in clearly fascist tones, that "youth must go out to the field of battle as soldiers of the Fatherland." Others argued that the "Land is in need of a youth, healthy in body and soul like the Nazi youth in Germany and the fas-cist youth in Italy which stands ready for the orders of its leaders and ready to sacrifice its life for the honor of its people and freedom of its fatherland." An al-Shahab editorial titled "The Strength of Youth" called on youth to "take my blood and drink it, perhaps it will heal you, give me the sword of Khalid."
Al-Jamia el Islamia called on youth to "join the flag of the nation's army ... be a pillar of fire to light up the gloom with the flaming, purifying and searing fire; be a sharp sword; take vengeance upon the usurpers."

Nationalist rhetoric accompanied major efforts to build fascist-style youth organizations by recruiting young men to serve as the strike force of the nationalist movement.

Throughout the 1930s the children of wealthy Palestinians returned home from European universities having witnessed the emergence of fascist paramilitary forces. Palestinian students educated in Germany returned to Palestine determined to found the Arab Nazi Party of Palestine. The Husseinis used the Palestinian Arab Party to established the al-Futuwwa youth corps, which was named after an association of Arab knights of the Middle Ages and which was officially designated the Nazi Scouts.

By 1936 the Palestinian Arab Party was sponsoring the development of storm troops patterned on the German model. These storm troops, all children and youth, were to be outfitted in black trousers and red shirts and were to be divided into three sections: below age fifteen, ages fifteen to twenty, and twenty years and older. The first troops were founded in Lod and Jerusalem.

The young recruits took the following oath: "Life—my right; independence—my aspiration; Arabism—my principle; Palestine—my country, and there is no room in it for any but Arabs. In this I believe and Allah is my wimess."

The British were clearly alarmed, reporting that "the growing youth and scout movements must be regarded as the most probable factors for the disturbance of the peace."ll The British were quite correct because the increasing levels of youth violence they were observing were merely the prelude to the out-break of the Great Arab Revolt of 1936-1939.

The al-Futuwwa youth groups connected Palestinian youth to fascist youth movements elsewhere in the Middle East. While the Mufti was establishing youth groups in Palestine, al-Futuwwa groups were established in Iraq for boys between the ages of fifteen and twenty; they were also modeled on Hitler Youth. During the Great Arab Revolt the Mufti fled from Jerusalem and made his way first to Lebanon and then to Iraq. In Iraq he helped set up an Arab Committee to promote collaboration between Iraq and the Nazis and brought the Iraqi al-Futuwwa under its control.'


Jillian Becker, The PLO: the rise and fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization, (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984), p. 21.
https://books.google.com/books?id=tGw6AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21

'In March 1935 the Husseinis also formed a party, called the Palestinian Arab Party. It was, as its president Jamal Husseini freely boasted, inspired by German Nazism. It included a 'youth troop; mod-elled on the Hitler Youth, for a while actually called the 'Nazi Scouts.' '

________

(Fawzi al-Qawuqji [Kawkadji / Kaukji]: In 1936, months after Hitler's Nuremberg Laws, not squeamish about baiting Jews; with the ex-Mufti in Rachid al Gaylani 1941 Arab-Nazi coup; was a colonel in the Nazi Wehrmacht during World War II; with the Mufti, Wasef Kamal, helped organize Muslim SS-units; received the Arab guests in 1938 Nuremberg; served as the jihadi Arab Liberation Army (ALA) field commander during the 1948 Israel-Arab War, vowed annihilation).

M. M. Silver, The History of Galilee, 1538–1949: Mysticism, Modernization, and War, (Rowman & Littlefield, 2022), p. 296.
https://books.google.com/books?id=zN1WEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA296

'In 1936, months after Hitler's Nuremberg Laws stripped Jews in Nazi domains of citizenship rights, and branded them as genetic undesirables, Qawuqji was not squeamish about baiting Jews as spineless cowards and opportunists.'

Davar, January 5, 1947. (Heb.). "Fawzi here - Fawzi there..."
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/dav/1947/01/05/01/article/21

'In 1938, at the Nazi Party conference in Nuremberg, Hitler was greeted by an Arab delegation headed by an Arab, with a neatly trimmed beard, wearing a turban and very polite. It was, of course, Fawzi-bey Kaukji.'


Alon, Mati, 'Holocaust and Redemption.' (Trafford, 2003). p. 207.
https://books.google.com/books?id=u1i0dz6p9O4C&pg=PA207

'He, together with Fawzi Kaukji and Wasef Kamal, helped organize Muslim SS-units in the Balkan, which helped to liquidate Jews and partisans. Husseini furnished Arab volunteers for the Waffen-SS and personally intervened with high Nazi officials, to assure the extermination of thousands of Jewish children.'

The Routledge Handbook of the History of the Middle East Mandates. (2015). United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, p.399
https://books.google.com/books?id=mj3LCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA399 

"...al-Qawuqji joined the pro-Axis coup against the Iraqi Government in 1941.."

The Sydney Jewish News, 2 May 1947.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/sydneyjn/1947/05/02/01/article/30

The Arab Killer - Nazi and the General.

By Our Special Correspondent SOLOMON ITZHAKI (Jerusalem).

'A few days after General Barker's departure from Palestine, there was a new ! guest at the Lydda airfield darned Fawzi Kawkadji..
His activities during the war years are well known, he was the aide-de-camp of the ex-Mufti of Jerusalem, he went to Yugoslavia and Bulgaria to mobilize Moslem citizens of these countries against Russia and Great Britain, he spoke tens of times on the Nazi radio calling the Arab world to rise up against "British Imperialism and Bolshevist [sic] Judaism”; he became a bemedalled SS-man and got even a Nazi wife. What’s going on behind that international story the hero of which is Fawzi Kawkadji?
Whom will he serve at present? The Russians, the French, the British? In any case, with the arrival of Kawkadji in the neighbourhood of Palestine the list of the Arab leaders who, during the war, were engaged in hostile activities against the Allied Nations, has been completed... The British could easily arrest him. There is no doubt, that he IS one of the great war-criminals, but—the official communique of the Palestine Government naively stated today: “Fawzi Kawkadji regretfully escaped the vigilance of the Palestine Frontier Control...'


The Palestine Post⁩, 6 October 1948⁩.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1948/10/06/01/article/5

'NARGHILEH NEWS.
The Arab armies are now strong enough to defeat the Jews and push them into the sea, Fawzi Kaukji stated on his arrival in Cairo, on Monday, Cairo Radio reported. The commander of the irregulars in Palestine said that they were only waiting for orders from the High Commandment which, he said, should be liquidated forthwith.'

________

(Yusuf Said Abu Durra: Palestinian jihad leader, close disciple of the Muslim preacher Izz ad-Din al-Qassam, on December 23, 1938, sends to Hitler an anti-Jewish "flattering"-letter)


Mallmann, K., Cüppers, M. (2010). Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine. United Kingdom: Enigma Books, p.41
https://books.google.com/books?id=8JiqNpE-Lz4C&pg=PA41

Steininger, R. (2018). Germany and the Middle East: From Kaiser Wilhelm II to Angela Merkel. Germany: Berghahn Books, p.45
https://books.google.com/books?id=Wm58DwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA45&pg=PA45#v=onepage&q&f=false

________

‘Hitler’s “Mein Kampf” in Arabic best seller in Palestine, Iraq, Syria and other Arabic land...’

The Canadian Jewish Chronicle, Dec 4, 1936 (p.7)
https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_ApAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA4

________

Rolbant, Samuel (1948). The Arabs: Politics and People. Amal Publications. p. 25.
https://books.google.com/books?id=LVsBAAAAMAAJ&q=%22led+by+Fakhri+al+-+Barudi+of+the+National+Bloc%22

'There were a number of strong pre-war Arab-Nazi organizations — 

the Iron Shirts (led by Fakhri al-Barudi of the National Bloc, member of the Syrian Parliament to this day); 

the League for National Action (headed by Abu al-Huda al-Yafi, Dr. Zaki al-Jabi and others); 

the An-Nadi al-Arabi Club of Damascus (headed by Dr. Said Abd al-Fattah al-Imam);

the “Councils for the Defence of Arab Palestine” (headed by well - known pro - Nazi leaders, such as Nabih al-Azma, Adil Arslan and others);

the “Syrian National Party” (led by the Fascist Anton Saada, who escaped during the war to the Germans and was sent by them to the Argentine). The National Bloc, the principal party in Syria, and more particularly the Istiqlal group (headed by Shukri al-Kuwatli, now President of the Syrian Republic) had for many years been openly pro-Nazi.

Before the war, Baldur von Schirach, leader of the Hitlerjugend, visited Syria on a special mission and established close contact with these circles and with the Arab youth organisation.'

________

(Teacher Hilda Wilson in Birzeit).

Segev, T. (2001). One Palestine… United Kingdom: Picador. p. 412.
https://books.google.com/books?id=nLjPzQJEAkMC&pg=PA412

'There was also a great deal of sympathy for Nazi Germany among Miss Wilson’s pupils in Bir Zeit. When they were given Disraeli’s novel Coningsby to read, the children were up in arms, as Wilson had expected in advance. “But he was a Jew!” they protested about the author. Wilson tried to divert the discus-sion to the question of what makes a great man—one who influences the spirit of his generation, Wilson suggested. Most of the students, she wrote, then put Adolf Hitler at the head of their list of great men.'

________

Youngstown Vindicator. Jan 2, 1937.
https://books.google.com/books?id=K8ZJAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA19

'Swastika Protects (sic) Girl in Holy Land.
BERLIN. Dec. 29. — (INS) — The Swastika affords better protection in Palestine than four policemen according to s German girl in Jerusalem. In a letter to her parents in Linz on the Rhine, reprinted in the National Zeittung of Essen, she commented on the danger of going out on Jerusalem streets. She said: “If the Arabs think you are a German, there is no danger. We are often greeted by Arabians we know with ‘Heil Hitler’ in the streets. When I go into Arab quarters I always wear the Swastika cross. This protects us better than three or four policemen.”'

________

(Awni Abd al-Hadi of Istiqlal, and Arab Higher Committee).


"Arabs Like Nazis, Says Moslem." The Sentinel, 25 February 1937.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/cgs/1937/02/25/01/article/92


'Arabs Like Nazis , Says Moslem.
Berlin, Feb. 23 (WNS) — The Arab national movement has much in common with Nazism, the Voelkische Beobachter reports Auni Bey Hadi, leader of the Arab Independence Party and member of the Arab High Committee in Palestine, as having told its correspondent. The Nazi paper says that the Arab leader made a thorough study of Hitler's Mein Kampf while he was in a... camp in Palestine. He is also quoted as advising Germany to study the Arab market in Palestine because the Arabs are boycotting all goods made or sold by Jews.'

________

‘All Arabs Celebrate Pr_ ophet’s Birthday; Christians Join Moslems in Fete Unprecedented in Palestine—Hitler and Duce Cheered.’
Wireless to The New York Times.
May 23, 1937.
https://www.nytimes.com/1937/05/23/archives/all-arabs-celebrate-prophets-birthday-christians-join-moslems-in.html

‘Swastikas Fly As Arabs Mark Mohammed’s Birthday.’
JTA. May 23, 1937.
[http://pdfs.jta.org/1937/1937-05-23_242.pdf]
https://www.jta.org/archive/swastikas-fly-as-arabs-mark-mohammeds-birthday

________

(1937, German Consul Walter Doehle:)

Cohen, M. J. (2014). Britain’s Moment in Palestine: Retrospect and Perspectives, 1917-1948. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, p.404.
https://books.google.com/books?id=DLPpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA404

'Palestinian Arabs in all social strata have great sympathies for the new Germany and its Führer ... [it] is probably so widespread because the Palestinian Arabs ... long for an Arab “Führer”. And because in their fight against the Jews, they sense that they share a common single front with the Germans.'

‘Nazis ‘shipped arms to Palestinians.’ ‘
British National Archives unveil presence of Nazi S.S. agents in Mandatory Palestine, working closely with Palestinian leaders.
Yaakov Lappin. Ynet. May 7, 2006.
https://www.ynet.co.il/article/3248081

‘Arabs admire our Fuhrer’.

“The Palestinian Arabs show on all levels a great sympathy for the new Germany and its Fuhrer, a sympathy whose value is particularly high as it is based on a purely ideological foundation,” a Nazi official in Palestine wrote in a letter to Berlin in 1937. He added: “Most important for the sympathies which Arabs now feel towards Germany is their admiration for our Fuhrer, especially during the unrests, I often had an opportunity to see how far these sympathies extend. When faced with a dangerous behaviour of an Arab mass, when one said that one was German, this was already generally a free pass.”

________

(In contrast: right-wing Zionists pulling down swastika of German consulate building).

Encyclopaedia Judaica Year Book. (1977). Israel: Encyclopaedia Judaica, p. 193.
https://books.google.com/books?id=HtQuAQAAIAAJ&q=jabotinsky+pulled+down+swastika+consulates

________

⁨⁨The Sentinel⁩, 9 December 1937⁩.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/cgs/1937/12/09/01/article/83

'Nazis Affiliate with Arabs; To Boycott Palestine Goods.
Damascus, Dec. 7 (JTA)-The armed extremist Arab National Youth Organization this week threatened a boycott of Arab merchants who bought "Zionist goods from Palestine" following the visit here of Baldur von Schirach, head of the Hitler youth organization of Germany. Accompanied by 15 Nazi agents, von Schirach conferred with Nazi representatives in the Near East and decided to establish closer contact with Arab youth groups. It was also decided to increase propaganda in existing German schools in the Near East and to establish others.'

________

(Al Difa and Falastin)

‘Editor Of Nazi Daily Visiting Egypt...
Contact with Palestine Press.’
The Palestine Post⁩, 7 December 1937⁩.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1937/12/07/01/article/3

‘Goebbles Aide Greeted in Cairo by Arab Editors.’
JTA. December 9, 1937.
https://www.jta.org/archive/goebbles-aide-greeted-in-cairo-by-arab-editors

________

Ziff, W. (1938). The Rape of Palestine. New York/Toronto: Longmans, Green and Co., pp. 417, 430.

https://books.google.com/books?id=gWUBAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Nazi%20flags%20and%20pictures%20of%20Hitler%20were%20prominently%20displayed%20in%20store%20windows%22
https://books.google.com/books?id=gWUBAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Falastin%22

‘Nazi flags and pictures of Hitler were prominently displayed in store windows. Booklets explaining Nazi methods of forcing Jews from the Reich were distributed freely… The shout of ‘Heil Hitler’ became a catchword which rang insolently over all Palestine.’

________

(Sep 1938, ‘Falastin’ Arab newspaper, reacting to Hitler’s speech, describes dictatorship as against [sic] Jewish so-called control. Cited in:)

The Palestine Post, 16 Sep. 1938.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1938/09/16/01/article/23

'FALASTIN DEFINES DICTATORSHIP PAPER DOUBTS HITLERS SINCERE CONCERN

Writing in its Tuesday’s issue, ‘Falastin’ devoted a leading article to the theory that Palestine was in the forefront of world affairs, and that the position in Palestine had become more grave in view of Herr Hitler’s speech at Nuremberg.
The paper expressed doubts as to whether the German Fuehrer was really and sincerely concerned with Arab rights or merely championed them in order to the Democracies. The reference to Palestine in Herr Hitler’s speech showed, the paper added , how parlous the situation here really was.
‘Falastin’ then explained that a dictatorship was really a State which had freed itself of Jewish influence, while democracies were countries which still bore that onus.'

________

"Arabs Hail Hitler As Racial Friend."
Prescott Evening Courier, Sep 13, 1938.
https://books.google.com/books?id=IbBaAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1

________

(Arab Club of University Students urge Hitler to "use his gigantic influence" to find a solution to the Palestine problem).

To Seize Arabs' Property LONDON, Thurs. Our Own Cable Service.
Article - The Labor Daily (Sydney, NSW : 1924 - 1938) Friday 21 October 1938 - Page 2.
https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/236425468

'... German Hand. PARIS. Thursday— Further evidence that Nazi Germany has a hand In fomenting the revolt, to embarrass not only the Palestine Jews but primarily Britain. Is revealed in a telegram to Hitler today. This came from the Arab Club of University Students, who urged Hitler to "use his gigantic influence" to find a solution to the Palestine problem. Last month, 100 Arabs had their first-class expenses paid by Hitler to attend the Nazi rally at Nuremberg.'

________

Palestinian Arab Mohamed Ali Eltaher published in Cairo (Aschoura) “Al-Shabab” [The Youth] – in the Oct. 26, 1938 issue: "Allah is the guardian of the people of Palestine who have neither Hitler nor a nation for them."

Shabab [الشباب], vol. 02, no 120 [Oct 26, 1938].
[https://dflsa0m2gb18x8.archive.ph/GjgBE/1e589a5c04b78d7624725652ddfe36cffe9ef0d0.jpg].

________

(Jaffa Arab activist reacalls:)

The Story of Muhammad Abu Sarari
By Toby Arbel, Docostrory, 2000 (Heb.)
https://books.google.com/books?id=qtAvAQAAIAAJ&q=%20%20%20%22%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%20%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D%22

“Most of the Arabs in [Eretz] Israel were in favor of Nazi Germany.”

________

(A Jew paid the Brits to have Eichmann leave. He then went on to meet Mufti’s emissary in Egypt).

Adolf Eichmann’s Secret Visit to Palestine.
Years before Eichmann was brought to Israel to stand trial, the notorious mass-murderer visited Mandatory Palestine in 1937 while disguised as a journalist.
Chen Malul. The Librarians. 06.11.17
https://blog.nli.org.il/en/eichmann_secret_visit/

Rubin, B., Schwanitz, W. G. (2014). Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East. United Kingdom: Yale University Press, ch. 5 Al-Husaini’s Revolt.
https://books.google.com/books?id=qCXBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT139

'Eichmann, was dispatched to Palestine to meet al-Husaini. Eichmann arrived at the port of Haifa on October 2 , 1937. But despite his having a tourist visa , the British authorities restricted his stay to forty-eight hours, after which he was put on a ship to Alexandria. Eichmann went to the British embassy in Cairo but couldn’t persuade that government to change its mind.
Instead, Eichmann stayed in Cairo a while and met with the German News Agency man and al-Husaini’s representatives, who came from Jerusalem.'

CIA.
EICHMANN, ADOLF.

Document Type: 
FOIA.
FOIA Collection.
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
Release Decision:
RIFPUB.
Original Classification:
U.
Document Page Count:&
4.
Document Creation Date:
October 23, 2023.
Document Release Date:
August 9, 2023.
Sequence Number:
Case Number:
F-2020-00953.

Publication Date: 

July 21, 1960.
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/00870285

'Sbject and Herbert HAGEN, Chief of the Abteilung IV B 4 to Palestine on an "information trip." In Septelber 1937, Subject and HAGEN left Berlin for Haifa, Palestine, via Rumania, Greece, and Turkey; although they had tourist visas and planned to remain in Palestine for two weeks, during which time they intended to visit the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, the British authorities allowed them to stay only ... and then departed for Egypt, where they met a group of Arab journalists and a representative of the Mufti...'

________

Zimmermann, Moshe. Germans Against Germans: The Fate of the Jews, 1938–1945. United States, Indiana University Press, 2022, p.201.
https://books.google.com/books?id=L8VrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA201

‘Goebbels, who wrote in 1938: “in Palestine... the Arabs admire the fuhrer as though he were holy”. ‘

________

Gunther, J. (1939). Inside Asia. United Kingdom: Harper & Bros., p.528.
https://books.google.com/books?id=MvZWAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Contemporary+hero

Mon 26 Jun 1939.
“INSIDE ASIA,” by John Gunther - Trove
... ARAB AND HIS WORLD | “The Greatest Contempory Arab Hero is—Adolf Hitler”. Descendant of the race from which came Mohammed and the religion of Islam, the Arab of to-day lives in a world of rapid political changes.
https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/12142609

[https://dg9rs4rymwnmbh.archive.is/529km/7b94e605dda8cc0f4603029c63d5f95287620bab.jpg]

________

(British authorities control Arab press during the war).

Kabahā, M., Caspi, D. (2011). The Palestinian Arab In/outsiders: Media and Conflict in Israel. United Kingdom: Vallentine Mitchell, pp. 58-59.
https://books.google.com/books?id=P0YxLofSHVsC&q=%22voicing%20criticism%22

________

(Classic of ideological motivation to work with Nazis is also Saudi Arabia's emissary Al-Hud in July/1939 - meeting with Hitler. Secret documents prove, again, the discussion was about the common enemy - Jews. They also reveal: [While greedy Germany who primarily pursuit to ethnic cleanse its land from Jews, agreed to 'help' leaving, in Haavara agreement in which Zionists involved rescued some 60,000 Jews -- an agreement opposed within the Zionist movement, objected especially by conservative zionists, still], Hitler, Nazis followed the German Jews once in E. Israel, acted against unity of communities amd against establishing a Jewish atate).

⁨⁨J. Jewish News of Northern California (Emanu-El, Jewish Community Bulletin)⁩, 3 August 1956⁩.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/jweekly/1956/08/03/article/3

'"Saudi Arabia Plot With Hitler Revealed."

WASHINGTON— The State Department has revealed how Saudi Arabian King Ibn Saud plotted with Hitler against the Allies. But a Department spokesman said shipments of U. S. tanks and warplanes to Saudi Arabia would continue nevertheless. Secret German foreign policy documents captured in Berlin in 1945, have just been released to the press. Among them is the complete record of the reception of Saud’s special envoy by Hitler at the Berghof in 1939. The envoy was Khalid al Hud. Hitler told him that the Arabs and Germans had the same enemy: the Jews. Hitler discussed “Palestine and conditions there, and he then stated that he himself would not rest until the last Jew had left Germany.” '

From Author and historian Rizkallah Boutros,  presenting Nazi documents in his book "The Arab World in Secret German Documents 1937-1941," Or "Arab World in Foreign Office - German Documentary," published in 2006:

In a report on the talks with King Abdulaziz Al Saud, the author of the report said that he held several long talks in Jeddah "with King Ibn Saud and his advisor Sheikh Yusuf Yassin regarding Saudi Arabia's international position, especially its relations with England and Italy. The main topic of the talks was the king's desire for close political and economic cooperation with Germany..."

He added, "As a result of the talks that took place with me, it was concluded that Saudi Arabia and Germany have one common enemy: the Jews." 

From German foreign correspondence, Nazi Germany was vehemently opposed to the idea of establishing a Jewish state in Palestine. It did not want German Jewish colonies to have a unified administration, but should remain separate as municipalities without forming a separate state. As such a state would be, it said, an exceptional impetus for so-called "political Judaism[sic]," which was unacceptable to Nazis. Documents reveal that while Nazi Germany 'allowed' German Jews to immigrate to Mandatory Palestine, it still continued to monitor them and opposed the integration of German Jewish colonies into the then planned Zionist State. Moreso, even if Britain were to declare the establishment of the State of Israel, German Jews in  Mandatory Palestine would not be allowed --by Germany-- nor would their colonies, to join the Zionist state.

________

‘Pathfinder’, Town Journal, 1940:

‘Palestine’s Arabs admire Hitler for his Jew-baiting.’

[https://dfmvgb5cppcfyr.archive.ph/dS1zR/ba94b2bbffe6c926317b80eb71439431ba1c0374.png]

https://www.google.com/search?udm=36&q=%22Palestine%27s+Arabs+admire+Hitler%22
https://archive.ph/p4taJ
https://web.archive.org/web/20250424043027/https://www.google.com/search?udm=36&q=%22Palestine%27s+Arabs+admire+Hitler%22

________

(Ahmad Shukairy / Shukeiri / Shuqayri -  for Hitler propagamda machine)

Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ..., Volume 107, Part 24, United States Congress 1961, p.5735.
https://books.google.com/books?id=ijg4AQAAMAAJ&pg=SL1-PA5735&dq=#v=snippet&q=%22all%20out%20for%20Hitler%22&f=false

‘Shukairy joined the Arab Higher Committee which was also headed by the ex Mufti. Shukairy got his start in politics in the early 1930s when he belonged to a group of fanatical extremists led by the ex-Mufti. This gang cooperated with the Communists and prior to the Hitler-Stalin Pact sought in every possible way to sabotage the Allied war effort against the Nazis in the Middle East. However, when Soviet Russia joined the Allies, Shukairy’s group split with the communists, and went all out for Hitler.’

The Detroit Jewish News. Friday, February 03, 1967 (p. 9) 
https://digital.bentley.umich.edu/djnews/djn.1967.02.03.001/9

‘Antiwar Group Warns Public of PLO Leader Shukairy.’

‘In a letter to the editor published in Wednesday’s New York Times, Dr. Albert Simard, secretary of the Society for the Prevention of World War Three warns of the “dangerous” background and activities of Ahmed Shukairy, head of the Palestine Liberation Organization who, he said, had expressed hatred of the West. Recalling the pro-Hilter activities “highest levels of government” of Shukairy when he was associated with the notorious Grand Mufti of Jerusalem.’

________

(Shukairy's 'testimony' in his 1969 book).

Shuqayrī, A. (1969). Arbaʻūn ʻāmman fī al-ḥayāt al-ʻrabīyah wa-al-duwalīyah. Lebanon: Dār al-Nahār, p.169, p.201
https://tinyurl.com/ShukairyTheySupportedHitler

[https://dc6b2hrx9ym0fl.archive.ph/SEtUg/f4eae6bf2c801039fd66c081fb412ac29d9ecdd4.png]

Elie Kedourie. Professor of Politics Emeritus. (1964). Arabic Political Memoirs and Other Studies, Cass books on the Middle East. Psychology Press. pp.189-190.
https://books.google.com/books?id=pJkH06fTLD8C&pg=PA189

'Another passage provides a glimpse into their state of mind during the early part of the second world war. He describes the great excitement with which they used to listen to German and Italian broadcasts, how he would follow during the night the military communiqués, marking on a map the places being occupied by the victorious Germans, and meet his friends the following morning to discuss triumphs exceeding those of the previous day:

“Our sympathies were with the Axis powers being led by Hitler from victory to victory and with our sympathies went our prayers for the victory of Germany and her allies, and defeat for Britain and her confederates. . . . When the British government announced the formation of a Palestine force to help the war effort, our young men received the directive: do not join the Palestine force, and the response was quasi unanimous. . . .
The activity of the Italian and German air force extended to Palestine, and in September 1940 their airplanes bombed certain targets in Tel-Aviv and Haifa. The joy and excitement produced in our circles was indescribable. An Italian bomb happened to fall in the Acre quarter where I lived, making a large crater but causing no damage. The assistant governor of Acre ... visited me to report that the British governor ... had told him jokingly that the bomb was destined for Ahmad Shuqayri. I said: This is fine; upon me and upon my enemies, O Lord!” '

Encounter. (1972). United Kingdom: Encounter Limited, p.76.
https://books.google.com/books?id=3ikdAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Our+sympathies+were+with+the+Axis+powers+being+led+by+Hitler+from%22

[https://dbmfnccpwq2n6a.archive.is/ofJ8U/a1389446c94808d1506a40ab725d7c94e243587c.png]

________

(The meager low percentage of 9,000 Arab Palestinians [which included some non-Palestinian Arabs] joining the Allies - paid by Jews, most desert in 1943 to help Rommel. Plus there was an active refusal, as Shukairy testified in his book).

‘Palestinian Arab Volunteers in the British Army in WWII: A Reality Check.’
By Col (Res.) Dr. Raphael G. Bouchnik-Chen. BESA, December 9, 2019.
https://besacenter.org/palestinian-arabs-british-army/

‘Gen. Archibald Wavell, commander of the British forces in the Middle East, opposed the formation of a Jewish regiment in the British army. According to historian Marcel Roubicek, the British High Commissioner for Palestine also feared that Jewish enlistment would inflame Arab anger. To solve that problem, he made it a condition that Jews wishing to join up find an equivalent number of Palestinian Arab volunteers to join up as well.
To accomplish this, the Jews of the Yishuv offered financial compensation to Palestinian Arabs to enlist. They ultimately succeeded in raising enough manpower from both communities to permit the formation of a Jewish regiment.
The opportunity for Palestinian Arabs to join the ranks of the British Army was thus a direct outcome of the Jewish desire to render its utmost assistance to Britain in every sphere of war activity, a point Abbasi ignores.’

Hurewitz, Jacob Coleman. The Struggle for Palestine, New York 1950. Hyamson , Albert M. Palestine Under the Mandate 1920–1948 , Westport 1976, p.119. (Plunkett Lake Press, 2022
https://books.google.com/books?id=yeh8EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1719

'As the war dragged on and the Arab political machine remained stalled, the Public Information Office came to relyheavily on the newspapers for recruitment. Thus almost identically worded editorials were published in the three dailies in mid-February 1942, pleading with the Arabs to enlist in the British Army.
The Arabs were reminded that their nationalist claims would carry little weight in the peace settlement unless they could point to substantial contributions to the war effort. The overtones of these editorials relating to the fact that the war was not “a struggle merely between two groups of belligerents over differences of political conceptions, but a conflict between universal social principles and the ideals of liberty and a regime of intimidation” suggested British, not Arab origin.

A barometer of the prevailing Arab attitude toward the war was the number of Arab enlistees in the British armed forces. Arab recruits approximated only one-third of the 27,000 Palestinians who volunteered for British military service by December 1942. In fact, in the anxious days of the preceding July, when it seemed likely that Rommel might actually succeed in driving the British out of Egypt, although total enlistments reached an all-time monthly peak of over 2,000, Arab figures did not exceed 117, or less than 50 per cent of their monthly average for the year. The number of Arab deserters from the British armed forces was known to be considerable in the spring of 1941, and even more numerous in the summer of 1942. Indeed, Brigadier John Bagot Glubb, a tried friend of the Arabs, later claimed that “every Arab force [except the Arab Legion of Transjordan, which he commanded] previously organized by us mutinied and refused to fight for us, or faded away in desertions” at the time of the Iraqi revolt in May 1941.'

‘Nakba was result of Palestinians backing Nazis during WWII.’
Ben-Dror Yenini. Ynet, May 15, 2022.
https://www.ynetnews.com/article/s1bpi7cl5

‘...9,000 Palestinian and Jordanian Arabs did enlist to the British Army during the war (in comparison with about 27,000 Jews). But, from the moment it became evident the Germans may pass through Egypt and reach Palestine in spring 1942, Palestinian Arabs switched sides.
About 78% of the Arab volunteers deserted the British army, often times stealing weapons for the purpose of helping the Germans fight the Jews when the time came. Additionally, a survey conducted in 1941 shows that 88% of Palestinian Arabs supported Nazi Germany, while only 9% backed the British mandate.’

Elie Kedourie. Professor of Politics Emeritus. (1964). Arabic Political Memoirs and Other Studies, Cass books on the Middle East. Psychology Press. p.189:

"When the British government announced the formation of a Palestine force to help the war effort, our young men received the directive: do not join the Palestine force, and the response was quasi unanimous. . . ."

________

(General Charles de Gaulle: "I remember Palestine in 1941, and those young Jews were marvelous, they were fighting alongside us while the Arabs - it must be said - were on the other side.")

Cohen, S. (1974). De Gaulle, les gaullistes et Israël. [Fr.]. France: A. Moreau, p.30
https://books.google.com/books?id=8tqnAAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=1941

A Jean-Claude Servan-Schreiber venu s'entretenir avec lui en Juillet 1968, le général de Gaulle dit : « (...) je me rap-pelle la Palestine en 1941, et ces jeunes Juifs étaient merveilleux, ils se battaient à nos côtés alors que les Arabes — il faut bien le dire — étaient de l'autre bord. » — Source : Extrait inédit du compte rendu de l'entretien de Jean-Claude Servan-Schreiber avec le général de Gaulle, en date du 5 Juillet 1968.

[To Jean-Claude Servan-Schreiber who came to talk with him in July 1968, General de Gaulle said: "(...) I remember Palestine in 1941, and those young Jews were marvelous, they were fighting alongside us while the Arabs - it must be said - were on the other side." - Source: Unpublished extract from the report of the meeting between Jean-Claude Servan-Schreiber and General de Gaulle, dated July 5, 1968].

Coppolani, Antoine. “Albert Cohen, Charles de Gaulle et Le Sionisme.” Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques, vol. 33, no. 3, 2007, pp. 527–38. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41299425

L'arche. France: L'Arche, 2000, p. 13.
https://books.google.com/books?id=kv8tAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Palestine%20en%201941,%20et%20ces%20jeunes%20Juifs%20%C3%A9taient%20merveilleux%22

Navon, E. (2020). The Star and the Scepter: A Diplomatic History of Israel. United Kingdom: Jewish Publication Society, ch.7, p.1921.
https://books.google.com/books?id=A9j9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1921

'Palestine Jews also helped the Free French in Lebanon and Syria. Between September 1940 and June 1941, the Levant radio of the Free French operated in Haifa from the home of a sympathetic Palestinian Jew by the name of David Hacohen." 

Moshe Dayan lost an eye during one of the military operations in which Jewish commandos from Palestine helped the Free French fight Vichy forces. Maurice Fischer, a Belgian Jew who had emigrated to Palestine in 1930, joined de Gaulle's Free French Forces in Beirut in 1940 and was decorated for his prowess (later, he would become Israel's first ambassador to Paris). 

Indeed, de Gaulle would later confess to French journalist Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, "I remember Palestine in 1941. Those Jewish youngsters were wonderful. They fought on our side, while the Arabs—we must admit—supported the other side."

Yet Palestinian Jews were hardly given the opportunity to fight collectively for the Allies. Given the deep animosity between Britain and the Zionist movement ever since the publication of the 1939 White Paper, the British establishment regarded with suspicion the idea of a battalion composed of Palestinian Jews. Nonetheless, Chaim Weizmann (whose son Michael was killed in 1942 as a Royal Air Force pilot) promoted it, and Churchill approved of it, mainly to free up British manpower in Palestine for the European front. By the fall of 1940, Churchill had decided to proceed with the establishment of a Jewish army, but the British High Command blocked the idea, and Churchill obliged.' Nonetheless, in 1942, Churchill ordered the creation of the SOE (Subversive Operations Executive), a secret Jewish guerilla force in Palestine meant to fight the Germans, should they invade Palestine. Overseen by Abba (Aubrey) Eban, the SOE was never called to action. Only toward the end of the war, in September 1944, did the British government establish a Jewish Brigade composed of about five thousand Palestinian Jews. The brigade fought in Italy, and Jewish soldiers wearing a Star of David insignia on their uniforms arrested German soldiers. By that time, Menachem Begin had declared, in February 1944, a "revolt" against the British Empire.

Menachem Begin arrived in Palestine in May 1942 as a Polish soldier. In December 1942, after being granted a leave of absence by his commander, he joined the Irgun, the underground paramilitary Zionist organization that had split from the Haganah (military arm of the Jewish Agency) in 1931. Begin became leader of the Irgun in 1944. He declared the recommencement of the Jewish revolt against Britain once the Allied victory against Nazi Germany was assured, since Britain had continued to curtail, and even to prevent, Jewish immigration to Palestine, despite the Holocaust. His sabotage operations against the mandatory authorities in Palestine enraged the British government and embarrassed the Jewish Agency, which still believed the Zionists could not afford to alienate Great Britain. 

In fact, at the beginning of the war, Britain and the Irgun had fought together against the Nazis and their Arab allies In May 1941 the British government had sent David Raziel, then commander-in-chief of the Irgun, to Iraq to help the British army defeat the pro- Nazi rebellion of Rashid Ali al- Gaylani...'

________

Morris, Benny. 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War. United States: Yale University Press, (2008). p.21.
https://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC&pg=PA21

'The Zionist movement closed ranks in support of the Allies in the war against the Nazis. Palestine, awash with British troops, served as a giant rear base and workshop for the Eighth Army, which engaged the Italians and Germans in North Africa. The Palestinians, reeling from the suppression of their rebellion and largely unsympathetic to Western liberal, democratic values, grimly hoped for an Axis victory. In this, they were at one with most of the Arab world. The Palestinians, Khalil al-Sakakini, a Christian Jerusalem educator, jotted down in his diary, “rejoiced [as did ‘the whole Arab world’] when the British bastion at Tobruk fell to the Germans.” One of the first public opinion polls in Palestine, conducted by al-Sakakini’s son, Sari Sakakini, on behalf of the American consulate in Jerusalem, in February 1941 found that 88 per-cent of the Palestinian Arabs favored Germany and only 9 percent Britain.'

‘The Farhud and the Palestinian ‘cause‘
Nazism continues to inspire the Palestinians.’
Lyn Julius. JNS, May 31, 2023.
https://www.jns.org/jns/palestinians/23/5/31/291858/

Cohen, H. (2008). Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948. United Kingdom: University of California Press, p.175
https://books.google.com/books?id=9-NKm7nTm_IC&pg=PA175

________

(The CIA, Aug-1942 report)

Herf, J. (2009). Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World. United States: Yale University Press, p.139.
https://books.google.com/books?id=YzQNSTvHv-sC&pg=PA139

Their assessment of Palestine was even more sober:
“The majority of the Arabs in Palestine are fiercely anti-Jewish, generally distrustful of Great Britain and deeply resentful of the Balfour Declaration. While the moderates agree that the present is hardly the time to quarrel over the Jewish question, the radicals, who form a majority, see in the approach of General Rommel an ideal opportunity to murder all Jews and seize their property. Tales are current throughout Palestine of the planned division of Jewish property.”

Michael J Cohen, M.J. (2014). Britain’s Moment in Palestine: Retrospect and Perspectives, 1917-1948, Routledge, p.429.
https://books.google.com/books?id=DLPpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA429

'In August 1942, two American intelligence officers stationed in Egypt drew up an assessment of the impact of Axis propaganda in the Middle East ... the report continued that a majority of the Palestinian Arabs was fiercely “anti-Jewish” and saw in the approach of Rommel an ideal opportunity to murder all Jews their seize their property.'

________

(July 1942: Arabs’ “open joy”)

Cohen, M. J. (2014). Britain’s Moment in Palestine: Retrospect and Perspectives, 1917-1948. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. Ch.17.
https://books.google.com/books?id=CbLpAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PT253

‘On 2 July 1942, the second day of the first battle of El Alamein, the Mufti’s supporters organized a public meeting in Nablus, in order to congratulate each other on the approaching victory and to wish the Mufti a long life. Cohen reported that the Mufti’s supporters in Haifa had visited the local villages of Kabatia and Yabed, where they had met with his followers in order to plan the pillaging of Jewish villages in the Jezre’el valley, after the British retreat. By the same token, members of the opposition were filled with deep anxiety, convinced that in the event of a German victory they would be the first to suffer revenge at the hands of the Mufti’s men.

On the same day in July, Cohen reported that the Arabs had received news about the fate of the Jews in Europe with “open joy”. They expressed the hope that the Germans would conquer Palestine and “liberate” them from their Jews.’

________

Letter and special report, Chef der Sicherheitspolizei to Reichsführer SS, 21 Dec. 1942, BArch,. NS 19/186:

Wawrzyn, H. (2013). Nazis in the Holy Land 1933-1948. Germany: De Gruyter, p.95.
https://books.google.com/books?id=cZ7oBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA95

'Dec 21, 1942 letter, representatives of the Reich and the NSDAP in Palestine described the Arabs’ hope for a great Arab state: “Arabs in Palestine were waiting for Hitler to come to Palestine and expel all the Jews.” '

________

(The extend of trust in Arabs Hitler had, regarding annihilation plans)

Intermountain Jewish News⁩, 3 April 1947.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/chncijn/1947/04/03/01/article/81/

'Hitler Wanted World Jewry Exterminated.

LONDON, (JTA).—An international agreement for the extermination of all Jews was the main provision of the peace treaty Hitler intended to dictate to the vanquished Allies, according to a Finnish physician, Dr. Felix Kersten, former medical advisor to Gestapo chief Heinrich Himmler. Quoting a statement by Himmler made to him in Zhitomir, in August 1942 Dr. kersten declares in an article in the Sunday Express that “a peace conference was to be held at Nuremberg with the participation of all neutral countries. A ‘New Order’ Europe would be proclaimed by Hitler at the Conference, the convening of which would coincide with the annihilation of the last Jew in Europe. The first article of the treaty of peace between Germany and the defeated United States would be the Surcan Jews. The same demand would be made on all Latin American countries. Arabs would he entrusted with extermination of Jews in the Mediterranean.'

Klaus-Michael Mallmann, Martin Cüppers, Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine, (Enigma Books, 2010), pp. 123-124
https://books.google.com/books?id=vjsLAqafdQ8C&pg=PA124#v=onepage&q&f=false

'In addition, the example of the Einsatzgruppen in Eastern Europe shows that the mass murders initiated by the Germans were often quickly supported by local collaborators and then smoothly implemented...

Einsatzgruppen B and C, in their vast deployment territories, also routinely made use of local personnel, who proved indispensable in carrying out the mass murders. Collaboration in the annihilation of the Jews would have proceeded smoothly outside German-occupied Europe as well. As numerous reports had long attested, a vast number of Arabs, in some cases already well organized, were ready to serve as willing accomplices of the Germans in the Middle East. Immediately after the panzer army's arrival in Africa, the central task of Rauff's Einsatzkommando—the implementation of the Holocaust in Palestine—would have been quickly put into action with the help of those collaborators.'

"Hitler and the Nazis’ Anti-Zionism." by Jeffrey Herf. Summer / 2016.
https://fathomjournal.org/hitler-and-the-nazis-anti-zionism-2/

Mapping the New Left Antisemitism: The Fathom Essays. (2023). United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
https://books.google.com/books?id=BUTREAAAQBAJ&pg=PT150

'The fact is .. that Hitler and the Nazis despised Zionism and did all they could to defeat it...
First, Hitler despised Zionism. In fact he ridiculed the idea as he was convinced that the Jews would be incapable of establishing and then defending a state. More importantly, he and his government viewed the prospect of a Jewish state in Palestine as part of the broader international Jewish conspiracy which his fevered imagination presented as a dire threat to Germany. While (after robbing them of most of their possessions) the Nazis did allow some German Jews to leave the country in the 1930s in order to travel to Palestine, that policy was primarily driven by a desire to get the Jews out of Germany rather than to build a Jewish state in Palestine. By the late 1930s the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, who later collaborated with the Nazis in wartime Berlin, had informed German diplomats stationed in Jerusalem that the entry of Jews into Palestine from Germany was angering local Arabs. For reasons of their own, the Nazis cut off Jewish emigration in 1941 to pursue their goal of murdering Europe’s Jews. This ignorance about the implications of the Holocaust is stunning. As the Israeli historian Anita Shapira has pointed out, it is only a half-truth to say that Israel was founded because of the Holocaust.
The other half of the truth is that literally millions of Jews in Europe who might have contributed to the establishment of the Jewish state in Palestine could not do so because the Nazis had murdered them. The Holocaust itself was an enormous blow to the Zionist project...
In November 1941, Hitler promised the Mufti, then in Berlin, that if and when the German armies were successful in the Caucuses, they would drive south to destroy the Jewish population then living in areas controlled by Britain in North Africa and the Middle East.
In the summer and autumn of 1942, German General Erwin Rommel’s Afrikakorps drove east from Tunisia to be met by forces from Australia, New Zealand and Britain at the Battle of El Alamein in Egypt. Nazi propaganda in those weeks and months urged Arab listeners to “kill the Jews,” dispensing with any distinctions between Zionists and Jews. As the German historians Martin Cuppers and Klaus Michael Mallman have demonstrated in Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews of Palestineum, it was only the Allied victory at El Alamein over Rommel’s forces that prevented the arrival of SS units eager to carry out mass murders of Jews in North Africa and Mandatory Palestine...
While actions speak louder than words, Nazi propaganda aimed both at German audiences and at Arabs in North Africa and the Middle East constantly denounced Britain, the Jews and Zionism. This Nazi flood of anti-Zionist and anti-Jewish hatred is documented in my book Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World, which the leaders of the Labour Party really ought to read. Nazi propagandists claimed that a Jewish state in Palestine would be a “Vatican for the Jews,” that is a power centre of an international Jewish conspiracy and thus a threat to Germany.
They also argued that an Allied victory would be a victory for the Jews. They repeated lies that a Jewish state in Palestine would be a threat to the religion of Islam in the entire Arab Middle East. Zionism was described as a form of “Jewish imperialism” that was linked to British and American imperialism, and even to “Jewish Bolshevism” in Moscow as well. In the postwar years, neo-Nazis and Islamists in the Middle East viewed the establishment of the state of Israel as confirming these Nazi anti-Semitic conspiracy theories. In short, in both word and deed, Nazi Germany did all it could to ensure that a Jewish state in Palestine never would emerge...'

________

(Even anti-Zionist, pro-Arab General Edward Spears admitted:)

The Canadian Jewish Chronicle · Feb. 8, 1946.
https://books.google.com/books?id=OAFPAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5

'Interim Committee Will Issue Interim Report This Month. By Gerald Frank.

“Gen. Spears Testifies. Spears admitted, in reply to a question, that there were tendencies toward Nazism among the Arabs.” '

________

(Dotan valley - Crematorium plan for 1942 by ex-Mufti al-Husseini).

Shragai, N. (2012). The “Al-Aksa is in Danger” Libel: The History of a Lie.” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs.
https://jcpa.org/al-aksa-is-in-danger-libel/al-aksa-libel-advocate-mufti-haj-amin-al-husseini/

‘Report: Jerusalem’s Grand Mufti Planned Construction of ‘Auschwitz-Like’ Crematorium in Israel.’
By Shiryn Ghermezian. Algemeiner, Oct 27, 2015.
https://www.algemeiner.com/2015/10/27/report-jerusalems-grand-mufti-planned-construction-of-crematorium-in-israel/

________

(Author, historian:)

'The Jewish Yishuv in Israel during World War II,' in: Massuah. (1976). Israel: Massuah Inst. (Heb.), vols. 4-6, pp. 137, 143.
https://books.google.com/books?id=2xYiAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%22

'The Arab street, which had been trained for decades to hate the British and harass the Jews, now found in Hitler, after his first victories, with the beginning of the war, the one who fulfills his wishes... The relationship between Hitler and Haj Amin determines the mood in the Arab street... The land of Israel was indeed a home front country and lived in relative peace, but the Arab street did not hide its admiration for Hitler and the Third Reich. Hitler was portrayed in the minds of the Arabs as the greatest friend of the Arab nation. They admired him for his hatred of the Jews and for the fact that he despised them and decided to exterminate them from the face of the earth. Hitler symbolized bravery and wisdom, leadership ability and certain victory.'

________

(Orientalist historian on the WW2 era:
“hopes of most Arabs that Britain would emerge defeated...”).

Asaf, M. (1967). History of the Arabs in E”Y Palestine. Israel: Davar. (Heb.), Vol. 3 Pt 1, pp 153-154.
https://books.google.com/books?id=70cJAQAAIAAJ&q=%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%20%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D%22%20%22

'In World War II.

The Arab movement was broken and shattered at the outbreak of World War II. There was a great deal of fatigue from the revolt, in which thousands of Arabs were murdered and injured, many homes and orchards were destroyed, hundreds of the movement’s activists and leaders went into exile in neighboring countries, hundreds of wealthy people fled the country and ceased or reduced their economic activities. Political indifference prevailed among the public, which implied anticipation of the results of the war and the hopes of most Arabs that Britain would emerge defeated in it.
In this atmosphere, even the leaders of the opposition, who remained in the country, saw no point in any political action, and especially after the restrictions on immigration had been to their satisfaction, this situation was very desirable for the British authorities, whose main goal was to rule Palestine during the war as a British colony in every sense of the word.

Meanwhile, the active Arab force, headed by Muhammad Amin al-Husseini, moved from Syria and Lebanon to Iraq, the seat of the German political headquarters in the Middle East (Baghdad).

The younger Arab generation at that time mostly followed the Nazi-fascist axis, which operated in two powerful propaganda arms: the Italian arm was active in Egypt, Lebanon and Syria, and the German arm — mainly in Iraq and Persia. The Arab rebels from Israel turned to the Baghdad center of the axis, its great stronghold in World War II, which also had in its heart its fierce hatred of Jews.
Then, during the war, the pan-Arab delusion arose among Arab activists and their leader Muhammad Amin al-Husseini, and his delusion was even nourished by political and military support from Italy, Germany and Iraq.'

________

(Palestinian Arab leader, in Jerusalem (then under Jordanian rule), in spring of 1967:)

“We Arabs supported Hitler to get the British out of Palestine and to keep the Jews from taking it over - and that was our big mistake...”

Saturday Review. (1970). Vol. 53. United States: Saturday Review Associates, p. 4.
https://books.google.com/books?id=hNAaAQAAMAAJ&q=%22arabs%20supported%20hitler%22

________

‘PLO Official: We Supported the Nazis in WWII.’
Israel National News. Dec 9, 2013.
https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/175316

'Former political bureau head of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) removes any doubt over Arab support for Nazi Germany....
Qaddoumi replied, “Germany, yes. This was common among the Palestinians, especially since our enemy was Zionism, and we saw that Zionism was hostile to Germany, and vice versa.”
These remarks are just the latest evidence of the Arab support for Nazis and for genocide of Jews...'

PLO Leader Admits Support for Nazis, Says They Saw Zionism as Common Enemy (VIDEO).
By Joshua Levitt. Algemeiner, December 18, 2013.
https://www.algemeiner.com/2013/12/18/plo-leader-admits-support-for-nazis-says-they-saw-zionism-as-common-enemy-video/

________

Jordanian ex-minister: Arabs supported Hitler because he hated Jews.
By Donna Rachel Edmunds, Jerusalem Post, November 12, 2019.
https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/jordanian-ex-minister-arabs-supported-hitler-because-he-hated-jews-607485

'His comments came days before a Jordanian researcher claimed just 400,000 Jews had been killed by the Nazis.

A former Jordanian minister has told Jordanian TV that Arabs supported Hitler during World War II because he hated the Jews.'

________

(After the war, Oct 1945, Falastin defends Nazism, protests Nuremberg Trials).

Youngstown Vindicator, Dec 28, 1945.
Jewish Press Is Censored; Arabs Free to Blast Truman.
By Malkah Raymist.
https://books.google.com/books?id=k-ZYAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA10

'All these Arab statements, however, were put into the shade by a long article offering a spirited defense of the Nazi regime. “No one is entitled to judge war criminals,” says Falastin. “If the Germans had won the war, they would not have acted thus. All is fair in war.”
The Nazi leaders were “men of vision,” according to the paper, which sees Nazism as “a way of living like any other,” suiting millions and freely chosen by them.
Allied endeavors to root out Nazism are criminal, undemocratic and contrary to the freedom professed by the Allies.'

The Palestine Post, 31 October 1945.
“Falastin Defends Nazism.”
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/falastin/1945/10/30/01/article/5

Commentary Magazine, March 1946 Foreign Affairs.
“The Arab League: Tool or Power?”
by Bernard D. Weinryb.
https://www.commentary.org/articles/bernard-weinryb/the-arab-league-tool-or-power/

'...the Palestine Arabic newspaper Falastin, for instance, attacked the Nuremberg trials, asserting that the Allies had no right to try nazis and nazism since this was a political ideology just as democracy and socialism are.'

Palestine. (1946). United States: AZC, vol. 3, p. 3.
https://books.google.com/books?id=o_EettJ1tD8C&q=Falastin%20%20protests%20against%20the%20Nuremberg

'Rights Without Obligations.

The ideological defeat that has followed the military victory of the democracies is beginning to unravel before our eyes in all its ugliness. A case in point is the relationship between the Arab States and the United Nations. 

Having been actively or passively in Hitler's camp all through the war, the Arab States were invited to jump on the bandwagon of the democracies when the defeat of the Axis became an absolute certainty. To this they graciously consented. They were allowed to join the U.N.O., without a even being asked for guarantees that in the future the they would abide by the principles and ideology the of progressive mankind. They were welcomed as they were, with their medieval way of life, reactionary background and pro-Nazi leanings.

No wonder that the Arab ruling cliques now feel free openly to disregard and even violate the fundamental principles of world peace and co-operation; free, even to defend Nazi ideology. 

An Arab newspapers Falastin, protests against the Nuremberg trials, stating that "Nazism ought not to be tried in court, because it is just a principle, like democracy or socialism." Another Arab daily in Palestine, Ad Difaa, the ex-Mufti's organ which was subsidized by Dr. Goebbels  gives much prominence to Adolf Hitler's recently discovered political testament, quoting his allegations that the Jews were responsible for the war and printing a large photograph of the Fuhrer on its front page. If the above belongs to the category of ideological regurgitation, the boycott of Jewish-Palestinian goods proclaimed by the Arab League is a direct assault upon the system of world cooperation.'

________

(Oct 1946: following the hanging of Nazi war criminals, the Arabic press full of praise for the dead Nazis: Ad Difaa, Al Wahda, Falastin).

The Palestine Post, 18 October, 1946.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1946/10/18/01/article/12

'ARABIC PRESS ON NAZI HANGINGS. Palestine Post Reporter.
The Arabic press left its readers in no doubt of its opinion that the Nazis condemned at Nuremberg were men of great courage.
“Ad-Difaa’s” front page headline on Wednesday (the day of their execution) read ‘Nazi Leaders Await Death with Pride and Courage.’
Referring to Goering’s suicide, yesterday’s “Al Wahda” wrote: ‘Goering preferred the death his leader had chosen. He considered death by hanging a disgrace, chose his leader’s way and carried out his intention.’
Falastin’s comment was: ‘Another black page of history has been turned with the death of the Nazi leaders by hanging.’ '

________

(Shukairy and Jamal Husseini justify the Holocaust months after war)

Behind the British Conspiracy.
⁨⁨B’nai B’rith Messenger⁩, 12 July 1946⁩.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/bbh/1946/07/12/01/article/47

'Achmed Shukeiri, chief of the Arab office, who restituted in his conversation the words of Goebbels, justified the murder of six million Jews of Europe "because Hitler could not be all wrong." I met Jamal el Husseini; he issued the same warning as Shukeiri (he being Shukeiri's chief) ... and reiterated his justification of the mass murder of six million Jews "for Hitler couldn't be all wrong . . .'

________

(After the war, 1946, Edward Said on Hitler’s mufti, that he represented then the consensus [that was shortly after the war]. His biographer, "Hajj Amin's popularity among the Palestinian Arabs actually increased more than ever during his period with the Nazis". Author: "Husseini’s wartime actions contributed to his appeal in the postwar years").

Said, E. W. (1983). A Profile... p.7.
"Hajj Amin al-Husseini represented the Palestinian Arab national consensus, had the backing of the Palestinian political parties that functioned in Palestine..."

Israel’s Rights as a Nation-State in International Diplomacy. (2011). Israel: Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, p. 167.
https://books.google.com/books?id=wYZdOSthmdoC&pg=PA167

'Mufti, who Edward Said noted “represented the Palestinian Arab national consensus,” formed an alliance with the Nazis and spent the war years with Hitler in Berlin.'

Elpeleg, Z. (1993). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. Israel: Frank Cass, p.180.
https://books.google.com/books?id=s-CLz1OvWs0C&pg=PA180

'Haj Amin's popularity among the Palestinian Arabs and within the Arab states actually increased more than ever during his period with the Nazis. When he returned to the Middle East from Europe, Arab leaders hurried to greet him, and the masses welcomed him enthusiastically. It was only after the defeat of 1948 that the need arose for someone to blame. To a certain extent, Haj Amin was chosen as the scapegoat.'

The Dowerin Guardian and Amery Line Advocate (Wyalkatchem, WA : 1927 - 1954) Friday 22 March 1946 - Page 2.
https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/240244083

'ARABS WANT THE GRAND MUFTI BACK AS LEADER.

JERUSALEM: Arabs are agitating for the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, banned from Palestine by the British 9 years ago, to be returned from exile. Although his name is taboo in Palestine papers through censorship, it freely appears on illegal pamphlets, and his portrait hangs in many an Arab cafe, garlanded with flowers and bunting.'

Joseph S. Spoerl, "Palestinians, Arabs, and the Holocaust." JCPA. March 1, 2015.
https://jcpa.org/article/palestinians-arabs-and-the-holocaust/

'By November 1945, Palestinian Arabs were well aware of the Mufti’s views, both from his activities and writings in Palestine in the 1920s and 1930s and from his Nazi radio broadcasts and leaflets. “Yet, far from bringing his political career to an end, Husseini’s wartime actions contributed to his appeal in the postwar years.”
Zvi Elpeleg makes the same point: “Haj Amin’s popularity among the Palestinian Arabs and within the Arab states actually increased more than ever during his period with the Nazis. When he returned to the Middle East from Europe, Arab leaders hurried to greet him, and the masses welcomed him enthusiastically.”
According to Bernard Lewis, in post-1945 Egypt and other Arab lands, “a pro-Nazi past was a source of pride, not shame.” When al-Husseini appeared in Cairo in May and June 1946, U.S. Ambassador Pinkney Tuck observed that the warm welcome was “widespread and genuine.”
Klaus Gensicke speaks of “the waves of enthusiasm that shook the Arab world on his arrival in Egypt.”
Meir Litvak and Esther Webman note that “when the news of his [al-Husseini’s] arrival [in Cairo] broke, it aroused a wave of sympathy and enthusiasm, manifested in numerous press articles and pilgrimage to his home.”
The German historian Gudrun Krämer writes as follows: “even after the fall of the Third Reich [the Mufti’s] known involvement with Nazi Germany did not discredit him in the eyes of most Arab nationalists in Palestine and beyond.” Especially profuse in his postwar praise of the Mufti was Hassan al-Banna, leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, whose members were engaged in inciting pogroms against the Jews of Egypt at this time. Indeed, al-Banna appointed al-Husseini leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine, albeit in absentia, since British authorities would not allow him to enter Palestine.'

[Notes: 1. Herf, Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World, 241.
2. Elpeleg, The Grand Mufti, 180.
3. Lewis, Semites and Anti-Semites, 160.
4. Herf, Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World, 242.
5. Gensicke, The Mufti of Jerusalem and the Nazis, 182.
6. Meir Litvak and Esther Webman, From Empathy to Denial: Arab Responses to the Holocaust (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), 297.
7. Gudrun Krämer, “Anti-Semitism in the Muslim World: A Critical Review,” Die Welt des Islams, 46 (2006), 243–276, especially 263. See also: Gudrun Krämer, Hasan al-Banna (Oxford: Oneworld, 2010), p. 77.
8. Herf, Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World, 243–244 (al-Banna’s praise) and 239–240 (pogroms).
9. Küntzel, Jihad and Jew Hatred, 36–37, 48.
10. Gensicke, The Mufti of Jerusalem and the Nazis, 182–183; Herf, Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World, 240; Elpeleg, The Grand Mufti, 83].

________

(1947-8, Jamal Husseini spokesperson of AHC, explaining Arab objection, because of Arab race homogeneity).

Herf, J. (2022). Israel’s Moment: International Support for and Opposition to Establishing the Jewish State, 1945–1949. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, p.239.
https://books.google.com/books?id=8YlZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA239

________

(Fawzi al-Qawuqji [Kawkadji / Kawaji]: In 1936, months after Hitler's Nuremberg Laws not squeamish about baiting Jews; with the ex Mufti in al Gaylani 1941 Arab-Nazi coup; in broadcasting incitement on Nazi radio; was a colonel in the Nazi Wehrmacht during World War II with the Mufti, Wasef Kamal, helped organize Muslim SS-units; received the Arab guests in 1938 Nuremberg; served as the jihadi Arab Liberation Army (ALA) field commander during the 1948 Israel-Arab War, vowed annihilation).


M. M. Silver, "The History of Galilee, 1538–1949: Mysticism, Modernization, and War," (Rowman & Littlefield, 2022), p. 296.
https://books.google.com/books?id=zN1WEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA296

'In 1936, months after Hitler's Nuremberg Laws stripped Jews in Nazi domains of citizenship rights, and branded them as genetic undesirables, Qawuqji was not squeamish about baiting Jews as spineless cowards and opportunists.'


Davar, January 5, 1947. (Heb.). "Fawzi here - Fawzi there..."
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/dav/1947/01/05/01/article/21

'In 1938, at the Nazi Party conference in Nuremberg, Hitler was greeted by an Arab delegation headed by an Arab, with a neatly trimmed beard, wearing a turban and very polite. It was, of course, Fawzi-bey Kaukji.'


Alon, Mati, 'Holocaust and Redemption.' (Trafford, 2003). p. 207.
https://books.google.com/books?id=u1i0dz6p9O4C&pg=PA207

'He, together with Fawzi Kaukji and Wasef Kamal, helped organize Muslim SS-units in the Balkan, which helped to liquidate Jews and partisans. Husseini furnished Arab volunteers for the Waffen-SS and personally intervened with high Nazi officials, to assure the extermination of thousands of Jewish children.'


The Sydney Jewish News, 2 May 1947.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/sydneyjn/1947/05/02/01/article/30

"The Arab Killer - Nazi and the General."

By Our Special Correspondent SOLOMON ITZHAKI (Jerusalem).

'A few days after General Barker's departure from Palestine, there was a new ! guest at the Lydda airfield darned Fawzi Kawkadji..
His activities during the war years are well known, he was the aide-de-camp of the ex-Mufti of Jerusalem, he went to Yugoslavia and Bulgaria to mobilize Moslem citizens of these countries against Russia and Great Britain, he spoke tens of times on the Nazi radio calling the Arab world to rise up against "British Imperialism and Bolshevist [sic] Judaism”; he became a bemedalled SS-man and got even a Nazi wife. What’s going on behind that international story the hero of which is Fawzi Kawkadji?
Whom will he serve at present? The Russians, the French, the British? In any case, with the arrival of Kawkadji in the neighbourhood of Palestine the list of the Arab leaders who, during the war, were engaged in hostile activities against the Allied Nations, has been completed... The British could easily arrest him. There is no doubt, that he IS one of the great war-criminals, but—the official communique of the Palestine Government naively stated today: “Fawzi Kawkadji regretfully escaped the vigilance of the Palestine Frontier Control...'


The Palestine Post⁩, 6 October 1948⁩.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1948/10/06/01/article/5
'NARGHILEH NEWS.

The Arab armies are now strong enough to defeat the Jews and push them into the sea, Fawzi Kaukji stated on his arrival in Cairo, on Monday, Cairo Radio reported. The commander of the irregulars in Palestine said that they were only waiting for orders from the High Commandment which, he said, should be liquidated forthwith.'

________

1948:

Palestine. (1948). United States: AZC, vol. 5, p. 31.
https://books.google.com/books?id=-gUUnEReYz0C&q=22%22%20%22Hitler's%20army%20are%20active%20with%20many%20groups%20of%20Arab%20invaders%20in%20Palestine%22

“Ex-officers of Hitler’s army are active with many groups of Arab invaders in Palestine.”

‘Strange bedfellows.’
By Seth J. Frantzman. Jerusalem Post, May 7, 2008.
https://www.jpost.com/magazine/features/strange-bedfellows

'Muslim Bosnians trained by the Nazis later volunteered to fight against Israel in 1948.'

________

(Shukairy continues... Mid-Sep 1962, the New York Times reported on “Argentine Youths in Nazi Group Salute and Cry: ‘Hail Tacuara!’; Anti-Semitic Organization, Said to Be Growing...”, in November, Shukairy cites the NYT and promotes the neo-Nazi group at the UN. He is denounced by Argentinian delegate and others. He tries to switch it around but no one buys it. He is sacked weeks later by his Saudi bosses).

Argentine Youths in Nazi Group Salute and Cry: ‘Hail Tacuara!’; Anti-Semitic Organization, Said to Be Growing, Asserts It Fights ‘Zionism, Capitalism and Communism’ Tells About Drills He Doubts Charges. Sept. 16, 1962. Page 30: BUENOS AIRES, Sept. 15 (AP)—The fuzzy-faced 15-year old boy flushed with pride as the roomful of teen-agers fixed their gaze on him. Standing erect, he raised his arm in the Nazi salute and shouted, “Hail Tacuara!”
https://www.nytimes.com/1962/09/16/archives/argentine-youths-in-nazi-group-salute-and-cry-hail-tacuara.html

‘Facts,’ Volumes 15-17, Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith, 1963, p. 424
https://books.google.com/books?id=n9c3AQAAIAAJ&q=shukairy

'During his various tenures as a delegate to the United Nations, Shukairy demonstrated virulent hatred of Israel and Jews ... In 1962 at the U.N., Shukairy even went so far as to praise the militant, anti-Jewish and neo-Nazi storm-troop gang in Argentina know as Tacuara. He said: “Recently in Argentina, as was reported in The New York Times...” '

Hitler’s Ghost Haunts Halls Of Assembly. New Jersey Jewish News, January 4, 1963.
https://jhsnj-archives.org/?a=d&d=A19630104-NewJerseyJewishNews-19630104-01.1.10

“Arab Spokesmen Help The Cause of Israel.”
'...The ghost of Adolf Hitler haunts the halls of the United Nations.
Hitler’s shrill voice has bellowed through Ahmad Shukairy, Minister of State for UN Affairs in the Saudi Government and through Amil Al-Ghoury, another spokesman for the so-called “Palestine Arab delegation.”
Shukairy made the mistake of saluting the Tacuara movement in Argentina. Al-Ghoury helped his cause not at all by attacking what he called U. S. support of the “unlawful Zionist occupation of Palestine.”
Praise of Argentina’s fascistic Tacuara movement brought instant criticism from the Argentine and Chilean delegates, thoroughly embarrassed by this aping of Hitler’s methods in their countries.'

The National Jewish Monthly, Volume 77, B’nai B’rith, 1962, p. 1
https://books.google.com/books?id=OjLnAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Removed%22

Review Of The Month.

'Anti Semitism at UN.
Arab delegates spouted the most vicious kind of anti-Semitism ever heard in the halls of the United Nations during a debate on the Arab refugee issue in the General Assembly’s special political committee.

The worst statement was made by Ahmad Shukairy, of Saudi Arabia. He said, Argentina “should be saluted” because of its violently anti-Jewish youth organization, Tacuara, and added: “Tacuara has proclaimed a crusade... we propose that Tacuara be adopted by the United Nations.” This was too much even for Saudi Arabia’s king Faisal, who removed Shukairy from his UN post.'

________

(Genocidal Shukairy in 1967: “none of them will survive”).

Lipstadt, D. E. (2016). Holocaust: An American Understanding. United Kingdom: Rutgers University Press, p.77
https://books.google.com/books?id=mXxRDAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT39

https://archive.org/details/holocaustamerica0000lips/mode/1up?q=%22none+of+them+will+survive%22

The Progress-Index from Petersburg, Virginia, June 13, 1967, p.4.
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/47754873
[https://web.archive.org/web/20250527140102im_/https://img.newspapers.com/img/thumbnail/47754873/300/400.jpg]
'Palestine Liberation Group Badly Mauled.' By Michael Goldsmith, Beirut, Lebanon (AP).

'The Arab defeat in the Middle East war leaves a big question mark over the future of the Pafestine Liberation Organization and its firebrand leader -leftist Ahmed Shukairy. Shukairy narrowly escaped capture by Israeli forces in Jerusalem and many of his "Liberation Army" are now prisoners of the Israelis. "We will wipe Israel off the face of the map and no Jew will survive," Shukairy declared two days before the war broke out June 5. He vowed to lead the vanguard of his troops into the Israeli sector of Jerusalem and set up a "purely Arab government" there for all of Palestine.'

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(Issa Nakhleh [1915-2003], as 'Falastin' journalist in London, defends Arab propaganda center in Nazi Germany, 1939. He would be of the main "carrying torch" of Arab-Nazi alliance by the Mufti, in post WW2: had glorified Nazi Germany regime in the 1950s in Argentina; then in NY had justifed Hitler under P.A.D. [Palestine Arab Delegation] for the Mufti; was corresponding with Canadian Fuehrer A. Arcand; had worked with neo-Nazis for decades; had pushed Antisemitic theories and denied the Holocaust since Nov 1972).


The Palestine Post, 13 July 1939, p. 6.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1939/07/13/01/article/84/

The 'Settlement' in Palestine A Triumph For The 'Axis'.


Anti-Jewish Activities of the Arabs in Argentine - DAIA, 1958. pp.18-9.
https://www.bjpa.org/content/upload/bjpa/anti/ANTI-JEWISH%20ACTIVITIES%20OF%20THE%20ARABS%20IN%20ARGENTINE%20APRIL%201958.pdf [*]

'There he publishes 'America y Oriente' from November 20, 1952, known for its systematical anti-Jewish campaign and its glorification of the totalitarian regimes, particularly of the nazi Germany.'


National Lampoon. (1973). New York: National Lampoon, p. 18.
https://books.google.com/books?id=wk0oAQAAMAAJ&q=issa+nakhleh+hitler


Jewish Observer and Middle East Review, vol. 21, William Samuel & Company Limited, 1972, p. 7.
https://books.google.com/books?id=4AENAQAAMAAJ&q=%22NAZI%20EXTERMINATION%22


B'nai B'rith Messenger, 17 November 1972, p. 34. "Behind The Scenes".
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/bbh/1972/11/17/01/article/204


Dalin, D. (2017). Icon of Evil: Hitler's Mufti and the Rise of Radical Islam. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. p. 120.
https://books.google.com/books?id=dUz4AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA120#v=onepage&q&f=false


The American Spectator. (1986). United States: American Spectator, p. 20.
https://books.google.com/books?id=hPUSAQAAMAAJ&dq=&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Nakhleh

'Muslim Congress's representatives at the symposium was Issa Nakhleh, an attorney who has served as U.N. Observer ... The Six Million Reconsidered attempts to prove that the Holocaust never[sic] occurred; Antizion, a compendium of anti-Semitic writing, includes a description of Hitler as a "twentieth century statesman" ... and with the racist West Coast group, Western Front. In 1981 Nakhleh spoke at the Third Annual Convention of the Institute for Historical Review...'


The Nizkor Project.
http://www.nizkor.com/ftp.cgi?orgs/american/ihr//nakhleh

'One participant of the 1982 conference was Issa Nakhleh, head of the Palestine Arab Delegation, an extremist pro-PLO group originally formed by the notorious Grand Mufti of Jerusalem who broadcast from Nazi Germany to the Arabs in the Middle East. In the US, Nakhleh has associated in recent years with Western Front, an antisemitic organisation.'


Manor, Y. (1984). Anti-Zionism. Israel: Department of Information, World Zionist Organization, p. 20.
https://books.google.com/books?id=O71tAAAAMAAJ&q=issa%20nakhleh%20hitler

'...also the telegram sent by Issa Nakhleh, President of the Palestinian Arab Delegation to the United Nations and Judicial Adviser to the World Muslim Congress, to the Attorney-General of Stockholm...'


Nadeau, J. (2011). The Canadian Fuhrer: The Life of Adrien Arcand. Canada: James Lorimer Limited, Publishers, p. 351.
https://books.google.com/books?id=D630umvXNKoC&pg=PA351

'Issa Nakhleh, letter to Adrien Arcand, New York, 30 December 1963.'


(1979) National front reverse, Patterns of Prejudice, 13:2,26-27, DOI:10.1080/0031322X.1979.9969498.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0031322X.1979.9969498


The Australian Jewish News (Melbourne), 7 January 1983.
https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/ajnm/1983/01/07/01/article/73
"Neo-Nazi Attempts to Rewrite History".


Seidel, G.(1986). The Holocaust denial: antisemitism, racism & the new right. United Kingdom: Beyond the Pale Collective, p. 28.
https://books.google.com/books?id=VMksAQAAIAAJ&q=%22the+previous+year+the+conference+had+been+addressed+by+Mr%C2%A0Issah+Nakhleh%22

'The Holocaust Denial... The IHR, in advertising cassettes of its 1982 Conference proceedings offers recordings of the speech given by Mr. Hadawi, a Palestinian with a long and illustrious diplomatic career. The previous year the conference had been addressed by Mr Issah Nakhleh, who describes himself as "Legal Adviser to the World Muslim Conference". In 1982, when the Swedish Holocaust- denier, Ditlieb Felderer, was convicted of defaming the Jews, Nakhleh sent at telegram of protest to the Swedish District Attorney.'


The Canadian Jewish Chronicle, Aug 4, 1961, p. 5. "Israel At the United Nations." By Saul Carson.
https://books.google.com/books?id=magcAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5


"Nasser's Anti-Jewish Propaganda." Publication Date: July 8, 1965. CIA.
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp67b00446r000400170011-8

'October 1961: The Palestine Arab Delegation sent to all U.N. delegations a formal statement of the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem declaring: "The enmity of Nazis to Jews was based on (supposed) well-documented[sic] research [sic] and studies" which showed that the Jews were "a strong factor" in bringing about the defeat of Germany in World War I and dominated[sic] the "political, economic, and professional life of Germany." August 1, 1961: "The Crescent and the Cross," newsletter of the Palestine Arab Delegation, adopted the anti-Semitic canard of the Khazar...'

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